What is the correct technique for longing a horse according to Clinton Anderson's Downunder Horsemanship?

Clinton Anderson's longing technique is specific and differs from the passive longing that many horse owners practice. His method is active and communicative, with the handler positioned at a specific angle, using tools in specific ways, and with clear criteria for what constitutes a correct response. The handler's position in Anderson's longing is at the horse's drive line — roughly at the horse's hip. Standing at the head means the handler is a roadblock; standing at the shoulder means the handler is neutral. Standing at the hip means the handler is driving. Anderson keeps himself at this position throughout longing, moving as the horse moves to maintain the driving angle. His tools are a lead rope or lunge line and a training stick with a string. The stick directs energy and provides rhythmic pressure to maintain gait and forward movement. Anderson teaches pointing at the horse's hip to mean 'go,' pointing at the shoulder to mean 'slow down,' and stepping in front of the drive line while facing the horse to mean 'stop and face me.' These are consistent signals that the horse learns through repetition. A critical element of Anderson's longing technique is not allowing the horse to change gait without direction. A horse that slows from trot to walk on its own has stopped responding to the handler — this must be immediately corrected with energy from the stick until the horse returns to the requested gait. Equally, a horse that moves faster than asked must be brought back to the correct gait. The horse must maintain exactly what was asked until it is changed by the handler, not by the horse. Anderson keeps longing sessions short and purposeful — typically five to ten minutes per side — and alternates directions frequently. He does not lunge horses long distances in one direction as a means of tiring them out, which he considers a waste of the training opportunity. Every lap should have a purpose: maintaining gait, changing gait on direction, or confirming hook-on and responsiveness.